What algorithms and datastructures should I know to become a better developer?

I am not sure if this question is appropriate and I apologize. I seen this question on stack overflow (post the link below) and thought it was O.K to ask here. I am trying to be the best iOS programmer possible. I don't have too much knowledge on data structures or algorithms and was wondering what algorithms and data structures I should know. Any books or web articles you would recommend? I am decent at writing code and know a lot of design patterns such as MVC,Singleton, Decorator, ect..., but I want to have a better understanding.

Is a Java book enough or should I have to learn algorithms first?